Blood Test

How to Quickly and easily examine Your tide rip Tests Without A aesculapian Degree The Simplified longanimous Reference Guide By Ronald J. Grisanti D. C. Limits of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The author, Ronald Grisanti and publisher, Busatti gage lose do their best effort to produce a extravagantlyer(prenominal) quality, informative and helpful book. The author and Publisher make no means or warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability, fitness or completeness of the contents of this program.They accept no liability of any(prenominal) kind for any losses or restoration courtingd or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly, from using the data contained in this book. This book is not intended for use as a source of any legal or medical exam advice. The Publisher wants to emphasis that the reading contained herein whitethorn be subject to varying international, federal, democracy and/or local laws or regulations. The purchaser or reader of this pu blishing assumes responsibility for the use of these materials and information.All information is intended for your general familiarity only and is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment for specific medical conditions. You should seek prompt medical c atomic number 18 for any specific health issues and consult your physician before starting a saucily fitness regimen. How to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree Copyright 2004 Busatti Corporation All right taciturn worldwide Busatti Corporation and Ronald Grisanti own all right, title, and interest in this publication.No part of this book whitethorn be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part, or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, or transmitted by email, without permission in writing from the Publisher. 2 About the Author Dr. Ronald Grisanti is a practicing c hiropractic physician since 1981. In addition to earning his doctorate in chiropractic medicine, Dr.Grisanti is a Board Certified Chiropractic orthopaedist and Board Certified Sports Physician. He is presently completing his Masters Degree in victual from the University of Bridgeport. In addition, Dr. Grisanti has had extensive training in Functional Diagnostic Medicine and often consults with patients suffering with difficult to bring up health problems like fibromyalgia, continuing alterigue syndrome, diabetes, extravagantly occupation pressure, depression, anxiety, acid reflux and some other challenging health conditions.His admirable success record has earned him the title, Your Medical Detective. Dr. Grisanti has discoered that many health problems potentiometer be successful tempered once the underlying cause has been embed. He is known for his tenacity and sacrosanct will to find the root cause of a patients health problem. In 2001, with his ever-growing love fo r research, Dr. Grisanti launched his weekly medical report titled, The Grisanti story and has written over 400 articles on a host of medical conditions.His weekly reports subscribe to gained worldwide attention and atomic number 18 now read in over 40 countries around the world. His list of subscribers has grown into the thousands. plainly recently, Dr. Grisanti launched his exclusive membership site called YourMedicalDetective. com. Dr. Grisanti invites you to take a tour of his new site. Go to www. YourMedicalDetective. com 3 This site gives you exclusive, in-depth information and tools to help you and your doctor cart track down the real cause of your health challenges and solve them. Dr.Grisanti would like to thank you for purchasing his digital book titled How to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree. I believe you will gain from a book that finally makes sense out of your pedigree alchemy results. Take care and enjoy the book. 4 Ta ble of Contents Glucose sodium Potassium Magnesium Chloride Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine BUN/Creatinine proportionality uric dot friction match atomic number 20 white calcium Albumin ratio Globulin A/G balance Alkaline match SGOT/AST and SGPT/ elevationGGT LDH Total Protein Iron Ferritin Triglycerides cholesterol LDL cholesterol HDL Cholesterol Cholesterol/HDL Ratio CO2 White Blood booth calculate Neutrophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Eosinophils Basophils Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin haematocrit P younglets Reticulocyte Count MCV MCH T3 T4 T7 T3 update thyrotrophin Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 5 Comprehensive Blood Test Guide Dont you just hate when you get your blood leaven back and you have absolutely no idea what all those come mean on a well-worn chemistry profile? soundly now you can use this book to help you understand your psychometric test a bit better. GLUCOSE Glucose This is the chief source of energy for all reinforcement organisms. A level g reater than 105 in someone who has fasted for 12 hours suggests a diabetic tendency. If this level is elevated however in a non-fasting setting one must be concerned that there is a risk for developing diabetes. This is an incredibly powerful test and can harbinger diabetes ten years or more before one develops the unmitigated definition of diabetes which is levels greater than 120. greens Causes of Glucose addition Diabetes, poor lucre utilization, syndrome X less(prenominal) plebeian Causes of Glucose adjoin Cerebral lesions, uremia, pregnancy, intracranial pressure, cushings disease, hyper thyroidism, chronic nephritis, infections, original 24 hours after a severe burn, pancreatitis, cerebral lesions, uremia, early hyperpituitarism super C Causes of Glucose change magnitude self-denial hypoglycaemia clinical grade LDH will ofttimes be decrease or in the moo normal with Fasting Hypoglycemia, however, LDH will al most(prenominal) ALWAYS be decreased with Reactive Hyp oglycemia little car park Causes of Glucose Decrease coloured disparage, pancreatic adenoma, addisons disease ( adrenal gland insufficiency), starvation, late hypopituitarism Carcinoma of islet tissue clinical self-aggrandizing sphere 70-115 mg/dL optimum crowing array 85-100 mg/dL Red careen throw off 250 mg/dL clinical credit lines Order Glycohemoglobin (HGB A1C) with blood serum glucose value above 160 and to monitor diabetics under therapy Nutrition Tip thiamine Deficiency has been linked to development in glucose levels 6 SODIUM sodium This element plays an important role in salt and water proportion in your personify. A low level in the blood can be caused by too much(prenominal) water pulmonary tuberculosis, feel hardship, or kidney failure. A low level can also be caused by loss of sodium in diarrhea, fluid or vomiting. A high level can be caused by too much recess of salt or by not enough intake of water.clinical grown stove 135-145 best large(p) pl od 140-144 Red tholepin hunt down 155 mmol/L vernacular Causes of Sodium summation nephritis (kidney problems), dehydration, hypercorticoadrenalism (increase adrenal function) clinical flavours Water Softeners have been linked to cause an increase in sodium parking lot Causes of Sodium Decrease Reduced kidney filtration, diarrhea, Addisons disease, adrenal hypo-function POTASSIUM Potassium This element is found primarily wrong the cells of the body. Low levels in the blood may show severe diarrhea, alcoholism, or excessive use of water pills. Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness and watch problems. clinical boastful ply 3. 5-5. 0 Optimal swelled rake 4. 0-4. 6 Red flagstone ikon 6. mmol/L leafy vegetable Causes of Potassium join on Adrenal hypo-function, cortisol resistance, acidosis, ongoing tissue destruction super acid Causes of Potassium Decrease Diarrhea, diuretic use, kidney problems, adrenal hyperfunction slight uncouth Causes of Potassium Decrea se Anemia, overdosage of testosterone, hereditary periodic paralysis, hypertension Nutrition Tip Excessive licorice consumption has been linked to begin potassium levels 7 MAGNESIUM Magnesium This important element is found in the arteries, heart, bone, muscles, looks, teeth. Clinical Adult figure of speech 1. 7-2. 4 Optimal Adult vagabond 2. 2-2. 6 Red sign grasp 1. 6 mg/dL general Causes of Creatinine plus Kidney Problems, Gout Clinical bank bill If Creatinine is 1. or higher in a male over the age of 40, prostatic Hypertrophy MUST be ruled out Less public Causes of Creatinine extend Renal Hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, congestive heart failure, urinary pathway infection, dehydration Clinical tuberosity Suspect early nephritis ( kidney disease) if creatinine is in the midst of 2-4 mg/dL. Suspect severe nephritis is creatinine is amongst 4-35 mg/dL everyday Causes of Creatinine Decrease Amyotonia congenita BUN/CREATININE RATIO BUN/Creatinine Ratio increased v alues may request catabolic states, dehydration, circulatory failure leading to fall in renal blood flow, congestive heart failure, acute and chronic renal (kidney) failure, urinary tract obstruction, prostatic enlargement, high protein diet.Decreased values may delegate overhydration, low protein/high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy Clinical Adult undulate 6-10 Optimal Adult image 10-16 Red signalise roll 30 crude Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Increase Kidney problems Less Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Increase katabolic states, prostatic hypertrophy, high protein diet, dehydration, shock Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Decrease Low protein/high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy 10 URIC acrimonious Uric Acid Uric acid is the end product purine metabolism. eminent levels are seen in gout, infections, high protein diets, and kidney disease. Low levels generally indicate protein and atomic number 42 (trace mineral) deficiency, coloured damage or an overly acid kidne y. Clinical pistillate commence 2. 4-6. 0 mg/dL Clinical staminate Range 3. 4-7. 0 mg/dL Optimal feminine Range 3. 0-5. 5 mg/dL Optimal Male Adult Range 3. 5-5. 9 mg/dL Red give Range 9. mg/dL Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase Gout, kidney problems, arteriosclerosis, arthritis Less Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase Metallic poisoning (mercury, lead), intestinal obstruction, leukemia, polycythemia, malignant tumors, medicate diuretics Common Causes of Uric Acid Decrease Chronic B-12 or folacin anemia, pregnancy Less Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase Salicylate and atrophine therapy Nutrition Tip If the uric acid is low with a normal MCV and MCH, a molybdenum deficiency may be present PHOSPHORUS morning star Phosphorus is closely associated with calcium in bone development. Therefore most of the phosphate in the body is found in the bones. But the phosphorus level in the blood is very important for muscle and mettle function. Very low levels of phosphorus in the blood can be associated with starvation or malnutrition and this can lead to muscle weakness. High levels in the blood are usually associated with kidney disease.However the blood must be drawn carefully as improper handling may falsely increase the reading. Clinical Adult Range 2. 5-4. 5 Optimal Adult Range 3. 2-3. 9 Red Flag Range 5. 0 mg/dL Common Causes of Phosphorus Increase Parathyroid disfunction, kidney dysfunction, excessive phosphorous acid in soft drinks. Important Fact Children will have an increase in Phosphorus due to normal bone growth. In addition, people with fractures will usually reveal an increase. Less Common Causes of Phosphorus Increase Bone tumors, edema, ovarian hyper-function, diabetes, excess intake of vitamin D Common Causes of Phosphorus Decrease Parathyroid Hyper-function, osteomalacia, rickets 11Less Common Causes of Phosphorus Decrease Diabetes, liver dysfunction, protein malnutrition, neurofibromatosis, myxedema Nutrition Tip Phosphorus is ofttimes decr eased with diets high in refined sugars Clinical Note Suspect Vitamin D deficiency with low levels of calcium, phosphorus and increased levels of alkalic phosphorus Clinical Note Phosphorus is a general index finger of digestive function. Consider hypochlorhydria when phosphorus is at a lower place 3. 0 and broad(a) serum globulin is greater than 3. 0 or less than 2. 4 CALCIUM atomic number 20 Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat carry-over, muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting, and heart function.It is highly sensitive to elements such as magnesium, smoothing agitate, and phosphorous as head as hormonal activity, vitamin D levels, CO2 levels and many drugs. Diet, or even the presence of calcium in the diet has a lot to do with calcium balance how much calcium you take in and how much you lose from your body. Clinical Adult Range 8. 5-10. 8 Optimal Adult Range 9. 7-10. 1 Red Flag Range 12. 0 mg/dL Common Causes of Calcium Increase Hyperparathyroidism Less Common Causes of Calcium Increase Tumor of the thyroid, hypervitaminosis (excess Vitamin D), multiple myeloma, neurfibromatosis, osteoporosis, ovarian hypo-function, adrenal hypo-function Clinical Note Serum protein influences calcium levels.Calcium goes up with increased protein and goes down with decreased protein Common Causes of Calcium Decrease Hypoparathyroidism, pregnancy, hypochlorhydria, kidney dysfunction Less Common Causes of Calcium Decrease Vitamin D deficiency, diarrhea, celiac disease, protein malnutrition, chemical/heavy metallic element toxicity, HPA-axis dysfunction Clinical Fact Poor intestinal fat absorption may be laughableed with low levels of calcium, bilirubin and phosphorus Nutrition Note Pancreatic enzyme deficiency may be suspected with low levels of calcium, triglycerides and increased levels of LDH 12 Clinical Note Circadin rhythm abnormality should be a primary cons ideration with calcium levels either above or below normal ALBUMIN Albumin The most abundant protein in the blood, it is made in the liver and is an antioxidant that protects your tissues from free radicals. It binds waste products, toxins and dangerous drugs that might damage the body.Is also is a major buffer in the body and plays a role in controlling the precise amount of water in our tissues. It serves to transport vitamins, minerals and endocrines. Lower levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infections, liver disease, kidney disease, third-degree burns, edemas or hypocalcemia. Clinical Adult Range 3. 0-5. 5 Optimal Adult Range 4. 0-4. 4 Red Flag Range 90U/L Common Causes of GGT Increase Biliary obstruction, alcoholism, cholangitis/cholecystitis (bile duct and gall bladder inflammation) Clinical Note If GGT is greater than 150 U/L with a serum bilirubin of over 2. 8 mg/dL, strongly suspect bilious obstruction. Seek neighboring(a) medical attention Clinical Note If GGT values are quintuple times igher than the clinical figure suspect pancreatitis Less Common Causes of GGT Increase Brucellosis, hepatitis, mononucleosis, bacterial and viral infection, malignance, congestive heart failure biliary. Nutrition Note Low levels of GGT may indicate a B-6 deficiency. Additional Clinical Notes nourishment allergy/sensitivity is a very common finding with biliary dysfunction LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) LDH is an enzyme found in all tissues in the body. A high level in the blood can result from a number of different diseases such as hepatitis, anemia etc. Also, passably elevated levels in the blood are common and usually do not indicate disease. The most common sources of LDH are the heart, liver, muscles, and red blood cells.Clinical Adult Range 60-225U/L Optimal Adult Range 140-200U/L Red Flag Range 250U/L Common Causes of LDH Increase Liver/biliary dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, tissue inflammation, tissue destruction, malignancy anywhere in the body, several types of anemias Clinical Note LDH will frequently increase with low thyroid function Clinical Note LDH is frequently increased with birth control usage 16 Nutrition Note Decrease LDH may indicate reactive hypoglycemia. (Check glucose) TOTAL PROTEIN Total Protein This is a measure of the add up amount of protein in your blood. Total protein is the combination of albumen and total globulin and is affected by the albumin and total globulin. A low or high total protein does not indicate a specific disease, but it does indicate that some additional tests may be call for to determine if there is a problem. Clinical Adult Range 6. 0-8. 5g/dL Optimal Adult Range 7. 1-7. 6g/dL Red Flag Range 8. g/dL Common Causes of Protein Increase Dehydration, early carcinoma, multiple myeloma (should be correlated with serum protein electrophoresis) Less Common Causes of Protein Increase malignancy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis Common Causes of Protein Decrea se Protein malnutrition, digestive inflammation (colitis, gastritis) Less Common Causes of Protein Decrease hypothyroidism, leukemia, adrenal hyper-function, congestive heart failure Nutrition Note If protein and calcium are found to be on the low side of the optimal range suspect poor protein absorption. Additional Nutrition Notes Decreased protein, cholesterol and SGPT may indicate fatty liver congestion IRON Iron The body must have iron to make hemoglobin and to help transfer oxygen to the muscle. If the body is low in iron, all body cells, specially muscles in adults and brain cells in children, do not function up to par. If this test is low you should consider getting a Ferritin test, especially if you are a female who still has menstrual cycles.Clinical Adult Range 40-150ug/ml Optimal Adult Range 50-100ug/ml Red Flag Range 200ug/ml Common Causes of Iron Increase Hemochromomatosis, liver dysfunction, iron therapy, pernicious and hemolytic anemia Less Common Causes of Iron Incr ease cooking with iron utensils 17 Common Causes of Iron Decrease unhealthy hemorrhage (especially in geriatric population), iron deficiency anemia Less Common Causes of Protein Decrease chronic infections, kidney and liver problems Nutrition Note increase iron with decreased hemocrit (HCT) suggests intrinsic factor deficiency Clinical Notes An iron evaluation is not complete without ordering Ferritin (see below) FERRITIN Ferritin This test is considered the gold standard in documenting iron deficiency anemia.Low levels below 25 indicate a need for iron. High levels may an inflammatory disorder, infections, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease Clinical Male Adult Range 33-236ng/mL Clinical Female Adult Range (before menopause) 11-122ng/mL Clinical Female Adult Range (after menopause) 12-263ng/mL Optimal Male Adult Range 20-200ng/mL Optimal Female Adult Range (before menopause) 10-110ng/mL Optimal Female Adult Range(after menopause) 20-200ng/mL Red Flag Range 500ng/mL Common Causes of Ferritin Increase Iron overload, bronzed diabetes Less Common Causes of Ferritin Increase inflammation, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis Common Causes of Ferritin Decrease Iron deficiency nemia Less Common Causes of Ferritin Decrease Free radical pathology Clinical Notes Serum ferritin greater than metre suspect hemochromatosis Clinical Notes Iron overload and/or hemochromatosis are silent and can result in cirrhosis of the liver, bacterial infections, dementia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes and stroke Nutrition Note Doctors specializing in chelation have found a correlation with increased iron and arteriosclerosis. TRIGLYCERIDES Triglycerides These are fats used as discharge by the body, and as an energy source for metabolism. Increased levels are well-nigh always a sign of too much carbohydrate intake and hyperlipidism. Decreased levels are seen in hyperthyroidism, malnutrition and malabsorption. 18Clinical Adult Range 50-150mg/dL Optimal Adult Range 70-110mg/dL Red Flag Range 350mg/dL Common Causes of Triglycerides Increase Hyperlipidism, diabetes, alcoholism Less Common Causes of Triglycerides Increase Hypothyroidism, early stages of fatty liver Common Causes of Triglycerides Decrease chemical/heavy metal overload, liver dysfunction, hyper thyroid function Clinical Notes insubordinate exercise training has been found to be effective in forbidding elevated triglycerides CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol Group of fats vital to cell membranes, nerve fibers and bile salts, and a necessary precursor for the sex hormones. High levels indicate diet high in carbohydrates/sugars.Low levels indicate low fat diet, malabsorption, anemia, liver disorders, carbohydrate sensitivity. Cholesterol values below 140 are considered one of the four OMINOUS signs. Clinical Adult Range 120-200mg/dL Optimal Adult Range 150-180mg/dL Red Flag Range 400mg/dL Common Causes of Cholesterol Increase Early stages of diabetes, fatty liver, arteriosclerosis, hypothyroidism Less Common Causes of Cholesterol Increase biliary obstruction, multiple sclerosis, pregnancy Common Causes of Cholesterol Decrease Liver dysfunction, chemical/heavy metal overload, hyperthyroidism, viral hepatitis, free radical pathology Nutrition Note Increased cholesterol levels have been found to be lowered y the amino acid methionine Clinical Notes Cholesterol level below 130 is considered an Ominous sign Clinical Notes If cholesterol is above 220 with a SGPT below 10 suspect liver congestion/fatty liver LDL CHOLESTEROL LDL Cholesterol LDL is the cholesterol rich remnants of the lipid transport vehicle very low density lipoprotein (very-low density lipoproteins) there have been many studies to correlate the association between high levels of LDL and arterial arteriosclerosis. 19 Clinical Adult Range 50mg/dL Clinical Adult Female Range 55mg/dL Optimal Adult Male Range 55mg/dL Optimal Adult Male Range 60mg/dL Red Flag Range 3. 0) may indicate intestinal parasites LYMPHOCYTESLymphocytes elev ated in acute and chronic infections. Decreased in viral infection and immune deficiency Clinical Adult Range 20-40 pct of total WBC Optimal Adult Range 25-40 part of total WBC Red Flag Range 55 share of total WBC 22 Common Causes of Lymphocytes Increase Chronic viral or bacterial infection, Childhood diseases (measles, mumps, chicken-pox, rubella, etc. ), HIV, Hepatitis Less Common Causes of Lymphocytes Increase Chemical/heavy metal toxicity Common Causes of Lymphocytes Decrease alert infections Clinical Notes Suspect a viral infections when the lymphocytes increase to a channel that either equal or exceeds the neutrophil level EOSINOPHILSEosinophils Elevated in allergic conditions, skin diseases, epenthetic diseases Clinical Adult Range 0-7 percent of total WBC Optimal Adult Range 0-3 percent of total WBC Red Flag Range 55 percent of total WBC Common Causes of Eosinophils Increase Allergic condition (asthma), food sensitivities, parasitic infection Less Common Causes of Eosin ophils Increase Chemical/heavy metal toxicity, Hodgkins disease, ovarian and bone tumors BASOPHILS Basophils Elevated in Infections Clinical Adult Range 0-2 percent of total WBC Optimal Adult Range 0-1 percent of total WBC Red Flag Range 2. 0% Common Causes of Reticulocyte Count Increase Internal bleeding Common Causes of Reticulocyte Count Decrease Vitamin b-12, B-6 and folic acid anemia MCVMean corpuscular Volume (MCV) The MCV indicates the book occupied by the average red blood cell Clinical Adult Range 81. 0-99. 0cu. microns Optimal Adult Range 82. 0-89. 9cu. microns Red Flag Range 95. 0cu. microns Common Causes of MCV Count Increase Vitamin B-12/Folic Acid Anemia Common Causes of MCV Count Decrease Iron anemia, internal bleeding Clinical Notes If the MCV is 89. 9 and the MCH is 31. 9, suspect Vitamin B-12 or folic anemia. This should be support with a serum or urinary methylmalonic (vitamin B-12) and a serum or urinary homocysteine (folic acid and vitamin B-6) Clinical Notes I f iron, ferritin are normal and MCV, MCH, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are all decreased, suspect a toxic metal body burden MCHMean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) The MCV indicates the volume occupied by the average red blood cell Clinical Adult Range 26. 0-33. 0micro-micro grams Optimal Adult Range 27. 0-31. 9micro-micro grams Red Flag Range 34. 0micro-micro grams Common Causes of MCV Count Increase Vitamin B-12/Folic Acid Anemia Common Causes of MCV Count Decrease Iron anemia, internal bleeding 26 Clinical Notes If the MCV is 89. 9 and the MCH is 31. 9, suspect Vitamin B-12 or folic anemia. This should be confirmed with a serum or urinary methylmalonic (vitamin B-12) and a serum or urinary homocysteine (folic acid and vitamin B-6) Clinical Notes If iron, ferritin are normal and MCV, MCH, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are all decreased, suspect a toxic metal body burden T3T3 (Tri-Iodothyronine) T-3 is a thyroid hormone produced mainly from the peripheral modulation of thyroxine (T-4) Clini cal Adult Range 22-33% Optimal Adult Range 26-30% Common Causes of T3 Increase Hyperthyroidism Common Causes of T3 Decrease Hypothyroidism T4 T-4 (Tetra-Iodothyronine) T-4 is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Clinical Adult Range 4. 0-12. 0mcg/dL Optimal Adult Range 7. 0-8. 5mcg/dL Common Causes of T4 Increase Hyperthyroidism Common Causes of T3 Decrease Hypothyroidism, anterior pituitary hypofunction T7 T7 (FTI-Free Thyroxine Index) FTI is an estimate, calculated from T-4 and T-3 wasting disease. Clinical Adult Range 4. 0-12. 0mcg/dL Optimal Adult Range 7. 0-8. 5mcg/dL Common Causes of T7 Increase See T-3 uptake Common Causes of T3 Decrease See T-3 uptake T-3 UPTAKE T-3 Uptake T-3 uptake measures the unsaturated binding sites on the thyroid bindng proteins 27Clinical Adult Range 22-36% Optimal Adult Range 27-37% Red Flag Range 39 percent of uptake Common Causes of T-3 Uptake Increase Thyroid hyperfunction Less Common Causes of T-3 Uptake Increase Kidney dysfunction, salicylates toxicity and protein malnutrition Common Causes of T3 Decrease Thyroid hypo-function TSH TSH (Thyroid exhilarating Hormone) is used to confirm or rule out suspected hypothyroidism when T3, T4, T7 are essentially normal and clinical signs suggest hypothyroidism Clinical Adult Range 0. 4-4. 4mlU/L Optimal Adult Range 2. 0-4. 0mlU/L Red Flag Range 10. 0mlU/L Common Causes of TSH Increase Thyroid hypofunction Less Common Causes of TSH Increase liver dysfunction Common Causes of TSH Decrease Thyroid hyper-function, anterior hypofunction Clinical Notes The axillary temperature (underarm) will frequently be